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<title>诗经二首</title><link href='https://fonts.loli.net/css?family=Open+Sans:400italic,700italic,700,400&subset=latin,latin-ext' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' /><style type='text/css'>html {overflow-x: initial !important;}:root { --bg-color:#ffffff; --text-color:#333333; --select-text-bg-color:#B5D6FC; --select-text-font-color:auto; --monospace:"Lucida Console",Consolas,"Courier",monospace; }
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}

body {
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<div  id='write'  class = 'is-node'><h1><a name="诗经二首" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>《诗经》二首</span></h1><h2><a name="新课导入" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>新课导入</span></h2><p><span>同学们知道两千五百多年以前，我们的祖先都喜欢唱些什么歌谣吗？</span></p><p><span>《诗经》就是那个时代的流行歌曲。</span></p><h2><a name="文体知识" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>文体知识</span></h2><h4><a name="诗经的名称" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>诗经的名称</span></h4><p><span>《诗经》大约成书于春秋中期，起初叫作《诗》，后来改称《诗经》，是由于汉武帝以</span><strong><span>《诗》《书》《礼》《易》《春秋》为五经</span></strong><span>的缘故。</span></p><blockquote><p><span>四书：《大学》《中庸》《论语》《孟子》</span></p><p><span>五经：《诗》《书》《礼》《易》《春秋》</span></p></blockquote><h4><a name="诗经的地位" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>诗经的地位</span></h4><p><strong><span>《诗经》是我国最早的一部诗歌总集，</span></strong><span>是我国古典诗歌的滥觞。 </span></p><h4><a name="内容分类" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>内容分类</span></h4><p><span>－ 《风》各地方的民歌民谣（</span><em><span>精华所在</span></em><span>）；</span></p><p><span>－ 《雅》正统的宫廷乐歌，用于宴会的典礼；</span></p><p><span>－ 《颂》：祭祀乐歌，用于宫廷宗庙祭祀。</span></p><h4><a name="诗经六义" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>诗经&quot;六义&quot;</span></h4><ul><li><span>“风“：各地方的民歌民谣（</span><em><span>精华所在</span></em><span>）；</span></li><li><span>“雅”：统的宫廷乐歌，用于宴会的典礼；</span></li><li><span>“颂”：祭祀乐歌，用于宫廷宗庙祭祀。</span></li><li><span>“赋”：直陈其事。</span></li><li><span>“比”：即</span><strong><span>比喻</span></strong><span>。</span></li><li><span>“兴”：先言他物以引起所咏之词。借物起兴。</span></li></ul><blockquote><p><span>内容分类(风、雅、颂)</span></p><p><span>表现手法(赋、比、兴)。</span></p></blockquote><h2><a name="字音" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>字音</span></h2><figure><table><thead><tr><th><span>雎(jū)鸠(jiū)</span></th><th><span>窈(yǎo)窕(tiǎo)</span></th><th><span>好(hǎo)逑(qiú)</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><span>参(cēn)差(cī)</span></td><td><span>荇(xìng)菜</span></td><td><span>寤(wù)寐(mèi)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>琴瑟(sè)</span></td><td><span>芼(mào)之</span></td><td><span>钟鼓乐(lè)之</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>蒹(jiān)葭(jiā)</span></td><td><span>溯(sù)洄(huí)</span></td><td><span>未晞(xī)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>湄(méi)</span></td><td><span>跻(jī)</span></td><td><span>坻(chí)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>涘(sì)</span></td><td><span>沚(zhǐ)</span></td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h2><a name="诗经·关雎" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>《诗经·关雎》</span></h2><h3><a name="注解" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>注解</span></h3><p><img src="https://s2.ax1x.com/2020/03/08/3z3DL6.md.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="雎鸠"></p><p><span>关关雎鸠，在河之洲。窈窕淑女，君子好逑。</span></p><blockquote><p><span>洲：水中的陆地。</span></p><p><span>窈窕淑女：贤良美好的女子。</span></p><p><span>好逑：好的配偶。</span></p></blockquote><p><img src="https://s2.ax1x.com/2020/03/08/3z8Qte.md.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="荇菜"></p><p><span>参差荇菜，左右流之。窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。</span></p><blockquote><p><span>参差：长短不齐的样子。</span><span>	</span></p><p><span>流：求取。</span></p><p><span>寤，睡醒。寐，睡着。</span></p></blockquote><p><span>求之不得，寤寐思服。悠哉悠哉，辗转反侧。</span></p><blockquote><p><span>悠，忧思的样子。哉：语气助词。悠哉悠哉，犹言“想念呀，想念呀”。</span></p><p><span>成语：辗转反侧，翻覆不能入眠。</span></p></blockquote><p><span>参差荇菜，左右采之。窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。</span></p><blockquote><p><span>友：用作动词，此处有亲近之意。</span></p></blockquote><p><span>参差荇菜，左右芼之。窈窕淑女，钟鼓乐之。</span></p><blockquote><p><span>芼：择取，挑选。</span></p><p><span>乐，形容词的使动用法，使……快乐。</span></p></blockquote><h3><a name="主题" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>主题</span></h3><ul><li><span>古人说是赞美“后妃之德”；</span></li><li><span>今人多认为是表现古代青年对爱情婚姻大胆执着的追求。</span></li></ul><h3><a name="思考" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>思考</span></h3><ol start='' ><li><span>《关雎》写一个男子对女子的思念之情，为什么开头要从“关关雎鸠，在河之洲”写起？</span></li></ol><blockquote><p><span>运用了“比兴”的手法。水鸟和鸣比喻男女间和谐恩爱，和下文“窈窕淑女，君子好逑”意义上有关联，情景交融。</span></p></blockquote><ol start='2' ><li><span>“参差”“窈窕”这些词语有什么特点？</span></li></ol><blockquote><p><span>双声词（参差）、叠韵词（窈窕）增强了诗歌音调的和谐美和景物描写、人物刻画的生动性。</span></p></blockquote><h2><a name="诗经·蒹葭" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>《诗经·蒹葭》</span></h2><h3><a name="注解-n105" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>注解</span></h3><p><span>蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜。所谓伊人，在水一方。溯洄从之，道阻且长。溯游从之，宛在水中央。</span></p><blockquote><p><span>伊人：那个人。</span>
<span>溯洄：逆流而上。</span>
<span>宛：仿佛。</span>
<span>溯游：顺流而下。</span></p></blockquote><p><span>蒹葭萋萋，白露未晞。所谓伊人，在水之湄。溯洄从之，道阻且跻。溯游从之，宛在水中坻。</span></p><blockquote><p><span>湄： 岸边。</span>
<span>跻：（路）高而陡。</span>
<span>坻：水中的小洲或高地。</span></p></blockquote><p><span>蒹葭采采，白露未已。所谓伊人，在水之涘。溯洄从之，道阻且右。溯游从之，宛在水中沚。</span></p><blockquote><p><span>涘：水边。</span>
<span>右：向右迂曲。</span></p></blockquote><p><strong><span>意思相同或相近的词语：</span></strong></p><p><span>“苍苍”“萋萋”“采采” ——</span><em><span>茂盛的样子。</span></em></p><p><span>“未晞”“未已”——</span><em><span>未干。</span></em></p><p><span>“坻”“沚”——</span><em><span>水中的小块陆地。</span></em></p><h3><a name="主题-n119" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>主题</span></h3><p><span>《蒹葭》是一首抒情诗。诗中写深秋露重霜浓，水边芦苇苍苍，诗人冒着秋寒徘徊岸边，思慕的人儿却在水一方。诗人逆流而上去寻找，道路崎岖而漫长；顺流而下去寻找，她仿佛又在水中央。伊人似近而远，忽隐忽现，可望而不可即。</span></p><h2><a name="思考-n121" class="md-header-anchor"></a><span>思考</span></h2><ol start='' ><li><span>“芦苇”“霜露”“秋水”等诗中的意象有什么特点？在诗中有什么作用？</span></li></ol><blockquote><p><strong><span>渲染</span></strong><span>出一种萧索凄迷的</span><strong><span>氛围</span></strong><span>，为人物的活动提供了特定的背景，更</span><strong><span>烘托</span></strong><span>了所思不见的怅惘心情。</span></p></blockquote><ol start='2' ><li><span>《蒹葭》中的“伊人”究竟为何人？</span></li></ol><ul><li><span>爱情说 </span></li></ul><blockquote><p><span>“伊人”是意中人；</span></p></blockquote><ul><li><span>政治说</span></li></ul><blockquote><p><span>“伊人”是贤能之人；</span></p></blockquote><ul><li><span>理想说</span></li></ul><blockquote><p><span>“伊人”象征着理想。</span></p></blockquote><p><span>其实，无论“伊人”是何人，指的是什么，诗歌中的主人公都是经历了许多波折，一直苦苦追寻着“伊人”。这其实体现了一种深刻的人生意义，美好的事物总是可望难即的，不管最后主人公是否寻得“伊人”，这追寻过程本身就具有极大的意义。</span></p><ol start='3' ><li><span>《诗经》多采用重叠句的形式，这样写有什么好处？</span></li></ol><blockquote><p><span>增强诗歌的节奏感、音乐感，形成了一种回环往复的美，深化意境，渲染气氛，强化感情，突出主题，带给人一种或委婉深长或激越澎湃的表达效果。</span></p></blockquote><ol start='4' ><li><span>《关雎》和《蒹葭》在内容情感和表现形式上有什么异同？</span></li></ol><blockquote><p><span>相同点：《关雎》和《蒹葭》都属于《诗经》中的“国风”，都是当时的民歌；都运用了“兴”的手法，借景抒情，托物寄意；都大量使用重章叠句的艺术形式，反复咏唱；在语言形式上大多四言一句，二二拍，一般隔句用韵，但并不拘泥，而是富于变化；都使用了双声叠韵词，富于声韵美。</span></p><p><span>不同点：《关雎》是一首热情的恋歌，表现了对爱情和婚姻大胆执着的追求，感情坦率朴素、健康明朗、热烈浓郁；《蒹葭》一诗则含蓄委婉地抒发了对“伊人”可望而不可即的无限情意，全诗充满难言的惆怅和伤感。《关雎》叙事线索明晰，画面形象可见；《蒹葭》意境含蓄，场景朦胧，情感韵味更加浓郁。</span></p></blockquote></div>
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